![]() ![]() (1995) Genetic evidence for a Pleistocene population explosion. (1999) Molecular population genetics of the rp49gene region in different chromosomal inversions of Drosophila subobscura. ![]() Rozas, J., Segarra, C., Ribó, G., and Aguadé, M. (2001) Coalescent theory, in Handbook of Statistical Genetics (En Balding, D., Bishop, M., and Cannings, C., Eds.), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, pp. (2006) Genome-wide DNA polymorphism analyses using VariScan. Hutter, S., Vilella, A, J., and Rozas, J. (2000) Hitchhiking under positive darwinian selection. (1987) A test of neutral molecular evolution based on nucleotide data. (1993) Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations. (1989) Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism. (2000) Statistical methods for detecting molecular adaptation. (1991) Adaptive protein evolution at the Adh locus in Drosophila. (1994) Signature of ancient population growth in a low-resolution mitochondrial DNA mismatch distribution. (2002) Statistical properties of new neutrality tests against population growth. (1992) Population growth makes waves in the distribution of pairwise genetic differences. (1991) Pairwise comparisons of mitochondrial DNA sequences in stable and exponentially growing populations. (2003) A comparison of bayesian methods for haplotype reconstruction from population genotype data. (1969) Evolution of protein molecules, in Mammalian Protein Metabolism (Munro, H. (2004) MEGA3: integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and other Methods). (1997) NEXUS: an extendible file format for systematic information. (1999) Median-Joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies. Evol Bioinf Online 1, 47–50.īandelt, H.-J., Forster, P., and Röhl, A. (2005) Arlequin (version 3): An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. DNA sequence polymorphism analysis using DnaSP The analysis of DNA sequence polymorphisms and SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) can provide insights into the evolutionary forces acting on populations and species. Bioinformatics 15, 174–5.Įxcoffier, L., Laval, G., and Schneider, S. (1999) DnaSP version 3: an integrated program for molecular population genetics and molecular evolution analysis. (2003) DnaSP, DNA polymorphism analyses by the coalescent and other methods. (2006) Computer programs for population genetics data analysis: a survival guide. D., Eds.), Oxford University Press, New York. Molecular scissors that cut DNA at specific base sequences are called. (1990) Gene genealogies and the coalescent process, in Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology (Futuyma, D. DNA sequences with a high degree of polymorphism are: Most useful for DNA analysis. (2002) Genealogical trees, coalescent theory, and the analysis of genetic polymorphisms. (2000) Adjusting the focus on human variation. This is because DNA polymorphisms are the different sequences of DNA among individuals, groups, or populations.Przeworski, M., Hudson, R. ![]() Statement (c) Human similarities are not caused by DNA sequence polymorphism. Polymorphism in the DNA sequence is the basis of both the genetic mapping of the human genome and DNA fingerprinting. These mutations continue to accumulate generation after generation, forming one of the foundations of variability or polymorphism. If an inheritable mutation is observed in a population at high frequency, it is referred to as DNA polymorphism. DNA from an individual's tissues exhibits the same degree of polymorphism that is why they have become extremely useful identification tools in forensic applications. These sequences show a high degree of polymorphism and thus form the basis of DNA fingerprinting. Statement b) Satellite DNA is grouped into various categories, such as microsatellites, minisatellites, etc., based on the length of segments, base composition, and the number of repeating units. Hence, genetic polymorphism in DNA sequences is the basis of the genetic mapping of the human genome. These non-coding sequence mutations have accumulated throughout time and are the source of DNA polymorphism. It arises as a result of mutations and also plays a vital role in evolution and speciation. It can be used for forensic applications as well as paternity testing. Statement a) Polymorphism is passed down from generation to generation, i.e. DNA polymorphism is the variation at the genetic level which arises due to mutations or is produced by changes in the nucleotide sequence or length. ![]()
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